Kuban State Agrarian University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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MAGNETIC PROFILES OF KUBAN SOILS OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL USE
DescriptionThe article discusses the change in the magnetic properties of soils of different agricultural use, depending on the conditions of soil formation. The objects of study are leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia, meadow chernozem and meadow bog soils of rice agrolandscapes. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of hydromorphism, the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil decreases. The leached chernozem has the highest magnetization of the profile. In soils formed under the influence of hydromorphic soil formation, magnetic susceptibility is reduced by 3.0-3.5 times in rainfed conditions and deposits, and by 6.0-12.0 times in soils of rice agrocenoses
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Description
In the conditions of the Northern and Southern foothill zones of the Krasnodar Territory, the soil preparation Reasil® Soil conditioner was tested to study its effect on the water – physical properties and structural state of the chernozem of ordinary and alluvial meadow soils. Field and field experiments were conducted in the Northern Zone when maize was cultivated in irrigation. The preparation was applied before sowing by the spreader "Amazone" under pre-sowing cultivation (to a depth of 12 cm) at a dose of 400 kg / ha. In the South foothill zone, the experiment was conducted on a crop – a seedling tomato. The preparation was applied before planting seedlings in a dose of 200 kg / ha. It was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of alluvial meadow soil, which was 1,46–1,47 g / cm3 and 44,3–44,5 %, respectively, with practically no pores occupied air (porosity of aeration). However, the use of ameliorant on this soil contributed to an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable and subsoil horizons, respectively, by 15,9 and 22 %, and the sum of waterproof aggregates by 8,4 and 1,5 %. In the northern zone, when maize was grown, it was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the soil density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of the chernozem plain, where it amounted to 1,29–1,32 g/cm3 and 51,6–51,5 % at rather high aeration porosity. The meliorative method reduced the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable layer of chernozem by 15,4 % and increased their quantity in the subsoil horizon (1,4 %). The number of waterproof aggregates increased on the variant with the use of ameliorant, respectively, by 19,9 and 2,8 %
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studying the influence of some types of packaging materials used in conjunction with Inter Fresh’s ethylene absorber (sachets) on commercial quality and losses of Alexandria zucchini, Lyubov sweet pepper and tomatoes cv. Inkas during storage. The study was carried out using StePac Xtend bags, creating a modified atmosphere. The objects of research were stored for 14 days at a temperature of 8 – 10 °С and air relative humidity of 90±3 %. One sachet for ethylene absorption was placed in Xtend bags. It was found that when stored under these conditions, the total weight loss is: for tomatoes – 0.3% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.8% when using traditional packaging materials; for zucchini – 0.4% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.6% when using traditional packaging materials. Losses associated with microbiological damage during storage of zucchini and tomatoes were not observed. During storage of sweet pepper microbiological spoilage took place, which, apparently, was the result of increased contamination with pathogenic microorganisms
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe modern level of cultivation of agricultural animals requires new approaches to the processing and disposal of manure. To do this, it is necessary to develop effective ways of converting waste into organic fertilizers, which, in the form of liquid effluents, make it possible to enhance and preserve the soil fertility of agricultural landscapes. This is especially necessary to be carried out on black soils, where irrigation of crops with prepared and diluted drains has a positive effect on the harvest. Therefore, the creation of manure processing systems by technological sequentially related operations is an urgent problem. Cattle manure is considered as a poly-dispersed system with sedimentation and physical and chemical properties. In this case, the system requires the sequential solution of a number of complex tasks: removal of various inclusions from manure, especially colloidal and fibrous particles; prevention of premature separation of manure during homogenization; preparation of manure for separation into liquid and solid fractions is a basic technological scheme that is universal and applicable to all types of livestock-raising complexes. A feature of the integrated cattle manure disposal line is a lagoon for year-round storage of a certain amount of manure drains prepared for irrigation during the growing season. For the creation of the lagoon, a film coating is used - it works as an anti-filtration screen
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MODERN CONCEPTS OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING
DescriptionIn modern conditions managerial accounting through its functions acts as the main information base of the organization internal activity management, its strategy and tactics. In our opinion, its basic purpose is an information preparation for adoption of operational and expected administrative decisions. The facts of economic activity connected with the formation of expenses, income and the facts of management results through influence both on expenses and on income are the most important for managerial accounting. Achieving stable success in the modern economy is largely due to the efficiency of the organization management. One of the most important problems of formation of effective management in organizations is the current management of the expenses in order to achieve the planned economic benefits in ordinary activities. Defining this problem as the major, its decision causes the necessity of revision of a role of registration information in the direction of increase in level of analyticity and targeting for development and adoption of economically reasonable operational decisions at each separately taken level of management. The special significance in these conditions belongs to search of the measures directed to decrease in level of expenses as the major means on ensuring competitiveness of the organization. Now managerial accounting is a component of an enterprise management system. To the theory and practice of managerial accounting it is paid much attention. Among foreign scientists works of such authors as: R.L. Akoff, To Drury, Ch. Horngren, D. Midlton, B. Rein, R. Antony, D. Higgins, etc. are the most known. It is possible to distinguish from the Russian scientists whose works are devoted to the organization and methodology of account: M.A. Vakhrushina, V.B. Ivashkevich, V.E. Kerimov, G.M, Lisovich, S.A. Nikolaeva, V.D. Novodvorsky, V.F. Paly, L.I. Horuzhy, etc. In this article authors have defined the main objectives of managerial accounting
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PRINCIPLE OF DIFFERENTIAL THRESHING DEVICE OPERATION
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionPlanetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
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POWER SOURCES OF OPERATION, CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICES
DescriptionCurrently operating in autonomous systems of power supply DC voltages power sources are secondary sources for operation devices, protection and control of generators, motors, stabilizers and inverters have relatively low operational performance. The work proposes to improve the weight and the size of power supplies to apply a high frequency link in their designs. We provide structural designs and the peculiarities of operation of secondary power sources with a high frequency link. This article discusses the fundamental electrical circuits of pulse regulators, converters based on resonant inverters and transformers with rotating magnetic field. The use of resonant inverters in power sources will significantly improve their weight and overall dimensions. In addition, the use of secondary sources of supply for transformers with rotating magnetic field will simplify their design and reduce the level of electromagnetic interference generated by semiconductor devices. The features of operation of pulsed regulators and prospective structuralschematics converters discussed in the article, performed on resonant inverters and transformers with rotating magnetic field, will increase the effectiveness of pre-work on the development of secondary power sources with improved operational and technical characteristics for devices of operating, control and protection
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PNEUMATIC SLIT SPRAYER PARAMETERS STUDY
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionAs a result of scientific analysis of the effective plant protection by spraying them with protective-stimulating liquids, the most progressive pneumohydraulic processing method was chosen, enabling the use of a wide mode range. The proposed pneumatic sprayer design can be used to equip sprayers, pollinators and combined units to perform basic operations with the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Using liquid crushing through exposure to working fluid flowing from the feeding tubes of sprayers (jets) with a high-speed air jet, it was possible to carry out the spraying process in a low-volume and ultra-small-volume way in a highly dispersive airborne jets. To study the air-borne jet parameters, providing the working fluid spraying quality as a polydisperse system, we have used a probabilistic-statistical analysis method. It studies variation range of signs according to the classes. Theoretically, the air-borne jet forming process by a pneumatic slit sprayer was considered. Using the three-factor central composite rotatable uniform plan (CURUP), the influence of three factors (surge tank position in cm, air pressure MPa and the feeding tube inclination angle in degrees) on the sprayer performance and the surface response on the working fluid median-mass diameter was determined. It was found that the response surfaces have a form of a paraboloid, the extremum of which is observed at an air pressure of 0.15 MPa (the center of the plan) and the tube installation angle in the spray housing equal to 60 degrees with the middle surge tank position. The maximum coating density of the treated object was 95 pieces / cm2 at the same position of the surge tank and air pressure in the pneumatic line of 0.3 MPa. It was proved that ultra-low volume spraying can be carried out in wide ranges of initial data while observing spraying quality requirements according to the drop median-mass diameter, the average coating density and their distribution uniformity
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INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of higher education institutions in the Krasnodar region based on the use of an integrated approach, identifies priority aspects of the development of universities. The level of the educational institution was calculated taking into account educational, research and international activities, staff and infrastructure. Information about the level of assessment of educational institutions is used by university applicants when they choose a particular institution. The work was carried out on the basis of monitoring the performance of educational institutions of higher education in the Krasnodar region in 2018. During the integral assessment, standardization methods were used to compare the indicator with the reference and linear transformations, as well as the method of additive convolution and the method of calculating distances. The studies showed the level of each institution of higher education, the ways of their development are highlighted. Thus, the assessment of higher education institutions, carried out on the basis of an integral indicator, covers almost all aspects of educational institutions, it allows you to quickly and objectively get an idea of universities, identify weaknesses and strengths, the results of the development of the main components of higher education institutions, and identify the reserves necessary to ensure its sustainable and effective development
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THE SOIL-CULTIVATING UNIVERSAL UNIT APU-1
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEnsuring the food security of the country in the conditions of growing consumption of crop products and excluding dependence on foreign producers poses a serious question for science to increase the volume of production while maintaining soil fertility. One of the important tasks in solving this problem is to create a moisture-saving and moisture-accumulating soil layers. This article focuses on the cultivation of winter wheat. In addition to providing moisture in the cultivated layer, crop losses are observed as a result of the defeat of plants by Fusarium. Also, to ensure the co-storage of the fruit layer, it is necessary to reduce the use of chemical means of protection, less intensive impact on the treated surface by the running systems of power facilities and working bodies of machines, but with compliance with the primary requirements for the treated surface. To complete the tasks, we have developed a universal plow with a turning beam. Chisel working bodies are installed on the front of the beam. The formation turnover is performed by the disk working bodies installed further. The main element is a skating rink. The article presents the scheme of sets of plow on different types of work, as a universal combined machine and to perform individual types of work