Kuban State Agrarian University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
There was shown the necessity of achievement of criterion of food safety of the RF. There were formulated the main aims and tasks of state agrarian policy of Russia. There were appeared the main tasks of the Doctrine of food safety. There was given the characteristic of qualitative condition of Krasnodar region lands – liability of erosion processes, decrease of humus content. There was proven the first-priority necessity of transition from zonal system of land management to adaptive-landscape one. The theory of adaptive-landscape was determined as a basis of innovation technology of agricultural commodity production growth. There was formulated the problem of development of methodology of ecologicaleconomic justification of the transition of the agricultural sector of the region to the adaptivelandscape system of agriculture. Using GIStechnologies there were used the areas due to types of lands and degrees of erosion processes in limits of three natural landscapes. There were cited the naturalclimatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of natural landscapes I, II, III. There were offered the ecological coefficients additionally characterizing the types and degree of erosion processes. There was calculated the ratio of lands – arable lands: forest: meadow in limits of natural landscapes. There was done the ecological –economic assessment of arable land crop rotation recommended by the “System of land management of Krasnodar region” in 2015. Recommended for natural landscapes field crop rotations per 1 ha of arable land provide the annual value of gross output of 32.3 - 37.0 thousand rubles, net income - 11.5-12.9 thousand rubles, the levels of profitability - 52.4-55.4 per cent. The proposed crop rotations provide a positive balance of humus. Further studies are needed to clarify the methodology of design of adaptivelandscape farming systems, the development of fodder and special types of crop rotations, agrocomplexes design of erosion control measures, differentiated by natural landscapes and agricultural landscapes, considering the type and intensity of erosion processes are required
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL LIVESTOCK
DescriptionOne of the main criteria of efficiency technologies in livestock production is the level of the negative impact on the environment per unit of time, or volume of production. Intensification and specialization can significantly improve efficiency, but at the same time can increases the impact on agro-ecosystem. An important condition for the preservation of ecosystems is to find ways of using animal waste as a raw resource. The ecological balance can ensure the production of meat and dairy products for industrial technology in family farms of 50-200 cows and up to 10 thousand pigs. Economically advantageous to carry out the raw manure to a distance of no more than 10-15 km, which is achieved with a small population, when fully formed wastes are used to improve soil fertility. For large mega-complexes advisable to equip their facilities for the production of biogas and the use of covered manure storage. In its turn, to prevent infection of livestock production, bentonite clay should be used as sorbents. This technology content of the stomach-governmental and poultry should be humane with respect to them, environmentally safe for the ecosystem, cost-effective and competitiveness for producers, safe for consumer
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Description
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops, which are of great economic importance in Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop in terms of climatic conditions range, for that reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the Russian Federation in various weather conditions. Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste qualities, it is used numerously in food and is applied in various fields of food industry. The biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of great nutritional value to humans, are contained in the oil. According to its calorific capacity, sunflower oil is on the first place among vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most favorable region of the Russian Federation for obtaining high and stable yields of this crop. However, here the drought is observed during the summer period and it affects adversely the productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed study of physiological features of productivity formation and seeds quality that is highly important task in view of the current geopolitical situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue is the appliance of the growth regulators, possessing anti-stress activity that improve the quality of sowing seeds and increase the productivity and plant resistance to stressful environmental factors. These drugs include growth regulator called Furolan, which was created in KubGTU and is certified for use in Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes, there is no its residual quantities in the products and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on physiological and biochemical processes, improves the productivity of plants, their resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as to the risk of fungal diseases
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Description
The results of long-term investigations of ecologicalphytocenotic peculiarities of short-root orchids under the conditions of the North-West Caucasus have been summarized. Together with the similarity in structure of this orchids’ living form, the author analyzes some differences in their assimilation of various places of growing
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Description
The results of scientific investigations in specifying environmental and faunal composition of soil invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone of the Krasnodar region are presented this article. Observed territory is represented with four main classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea (cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta (worms with small bristles). Those animals were the subject of further descriptions of territory. Some peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic compound of mesofauna, depending on technological methods that are being used for cultivation of agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC “Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are considered. The observed area is mostly populated with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha (drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use of complex compost (as an alternate method of cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary chernozem. The introduction of complex compost optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape system, which is associated with activation of biophilic elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical properties creates enabling environment for the vital activity of invertebrates and for their trophic cooperation with the habitats
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ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASES OF THE RICE VARIETY LIDER GROWING ON PESTICIDE-FREE TECHNOLOGY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAs a result of stepped hybridization and multiple replicated screening, the new rice variety Lider was received. The peculiarities of the new variety is a quick growth of plants at a sprouting – tillering stage. It gives the possibility to obtain sprouts from water lower than 20-25 cm which kills for Echinochloa. Lider is grown in Russia without application of pesticides.
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe proposed agro technology for the cultivation of soft winter wheat contributes to the reproduction of fertility of leached Chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. As a result of application of fertilizers in the arable layer of soil hydrolytic acidity decreased by 21.8%, humus content increased by 10.3%, mobile phosphorus - by 54.8%, mineral nitrogen by 10.3% and potassium - by 9.6% compared to the control. Studied agricultural technology allowed to increase the yield of winter wheat to 81.8 kg/ha and protein to 15.3 per cent, of gluten, to 27.8%. We have noticed exceeded concentration of mobile phosphorus in the upper soil horizon (1.5 MРС) in the cultivation of wheat after alfalfa, which contributed to reduced grain yield. Under conditions of prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides reduced the content of mobile forms of trace elements - copper and zinc. The content of mobile forms of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd below the limit values of environmental and Toxicological regulations clayey and loamy soils for agricultural purposes. The trend of accumulation of cadmium in the green mass of plants (~ 1.2 MPC) and winter wheat grain up to 1.5 MPC for baby food
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Description
There was given the definition and there were cited the criteria of food safety of the country. There was substantiated the necessity of ecological-landscape organization of the territories of agricultural organizations with the aim of decision of food safety. There were cited the peculiarities of land as a natural object and the object of land relations. There was cited the qualitative condition of agricultural areas of the Krasnodar region – the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, indicators of nutrient balance in soil. There were identified the environmental problems in the use of agricultural lands in agricultural production. It is concluded that the existing zonal systems of agricultural management do not take into account the full landscape diversity in the region. Using GIS-technologies there were determined the boundaries of five landscapes of the Krasnodar region and agricultural areas on types and degrees of erosion process manifestation. There was given the characteristics of natural-climatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of steppe plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There was substantiated the system of ecological-economic indexes of assessment of landscape systems of land management. There was determined the percentage ratio of areas as cropland: forest: meadow within the boundaries of the natural landscapes. There were calculated the main indexes of ecological assessment of flat plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There were formulated the tasks of ecological-landscape organization of the territory of agricultural enterprises. On the state level there were substantiated the offers on increase of effectiveness of use of agricultural areas in agrarian production
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Description
Results of the research on ecological safety of utilizing high clearance tractors for cultivation and harvesting of high stalk plants are presented. Purpose of the research was to decrease damaging of high stalk plants during multi-pass harvesting by tractor parts. For increasing efficiency and competitiveness of high stalk plants decreasing prime cost of production, increasing profitability and labor productivity are required. This can be achieved by introducing complex factors, which together with other factors as complex technological and technical modernization are required. Basic direction of modernization is utilizing completely new technologies and renewal of machines. Modern tractors utilized for tobacco growing have been analyzed. Basic demands for high clearance tractor which can be used for tobacco, grape and fruit trees growing have been developed. Researches on studying the tobacco plant folding during harvesting have been carried. Scheme of high clearance tractor MTZ-80 which can be assembled with machines for multi-pass harvesting of high stalk plants without their damaging has been developed. New scheme for modernization tractor MTZ-80 into high clearance model has been proposed. It can be done by changing speed reducers and forward wheels with size 11,2x20 on size 11,2x28. This will increase clearance from 470 to 840 mm
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ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF AGROLANDSCAPES OF THE KUBAN REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe condition of agrolandscape systems of Kuban has limited number of natural factors, among which an important place is occupied by temperature, moisture, nutrients and places with weediness of sown areas. Basic soils are occupied by cultivation of agricultural crops with a significant presence of segetal communities in the tilled crops, as well as field protective strips. In soils of agricultural landscapes there are actively developing bacteria, actinomycetes and microscopic fungi, the representatives of mesofauna, qualitative composition of which is very varied. When characterizing the soils we can mark a broad aspect of their contamination with heavy metals and oil, as well we pay attention to peculiarities of agriculture