Kuban State Agrarian University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF N. I. VAVILOV’S RULE ON HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description100 years ago, on June 4, 1920, 32-year-old Professor of the Saratov University Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943) first reported at the III all-Russian selection Congress at the University of Saratov on his discovery of homological series in the study of parallelisms in the phenomena of hereditary variability by analogy with homological series of organic compounds. This discovery in genetics received the rank of law, the only one after the laws of G. Mendel. This major study was a further development of the genetic idea of C. Darwin on the origin of species. It showed the ways in which close species and genera of plants have a parallel formative process, because the crucial in the process of evolutionary development of living organisms – first of all, their genetic features. In cases where the development of a trait requires the joint and consistent action of many genes, the occurrence of homological series is inevitable, and this does not contradict the random variability of C. Darwin. In addition to its great genetic significance as a law of evolution, the law of homological series in hereditary variability is of great importance for botanists, plant breeders and breeders: it not only determines the place of each form in the plant world, but can also indicate to the breeder possible directions in his practical work. According to a number of geneticists and breeders, if G. Mendel discovered the rules of heredity, then N. I. Vavilov discovered the rules of variability
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work shows the effect of the Regalis preparation on the formation and biochemical composition of organs of apple tree plants (using the Gala variety as an example). Experiments were carried out in 2016-2019. Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Planting bookmark - 2007. Tree planting scheme 4.0 × 1.0 m., Irrigation - drip. The soil of the study area is ordinary chernozem (carbonate). It was found that under the action of treatments with the Regalis preparation significant changes are recorded in the structure of fouling wood and the area of the sheet apparatus. The use of a growth regulator helps to accelerate the completion of tree growth processes. This is evidenced by a decrease in the content of IAA in the tops of shoots, by 12% in comparison with the control. The “Regalis” had a significant impact on ensuring the stable fruiting of plants of the Gala apple tree. The annual one-three-time treatment of trees with this preparation in a dose of 1.25 kg / ha provided a stable increase in yield to 14.2-16.3 kg from one tree. Moreover, on average for four years, the best results were recorded in the variant with 2-fold treatment with Regalis (16.3 kg-tree). Further analysis of the yield and commercial qualities of the obtained fruits showed that two and three-fold processing contributed to the production of fruits from 38.5 to 40.8 t / ha, which is 10-11.7 t higher than the control, while increasing the yield of marketable fruits up to 13.3 - 14.0 tons
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05.13.10 Management in social and economic systems
DescriptionGeographical information systems are currently considered to be one of the most technologically advanced ways to observe natural processes. In many industries, geoinformation systems have found their application and show a positive effect from implementation. This article discusses the features of their application in the field of specially protected natural territories. The structure is given in accordance with Federal and regional legislation, as well as quantitative characteristics of specially protected natural territories of the Krasnodar region. The article also describes advantages of using geoinformation systems for specially protected natural territories
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08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionTraditionally, control decisions are made by solving repeatedly the forecasting problem for different values of control factors and choosing a combination of them that ensures the transfer of the control object to the target state. However, real control objects are affected by hundreds or thousands of control factors, each of which can have dozens of values. A complete search of all possible combinations of values of control factors leads to the need to solve the problem of forecasting tens or hundreds of thousands or even millions of times to make a single decision, and this is completely unacceptable in practice. Therefore, we need a decision-making method that does not require significant computing resources. Thus, there is a contradiction between the actual and the desired, a contradiction between them, which is the problem to be solved in the work. In this work, we propose a developed algorithm for decision-making by solving the inverse forecasting problem once (automated SWOT analysis), using the results of cluster-constructive analysis of the target states of the control object and the values of factors and a single solution of the forecasting problem. This determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the work is to solve the problem. By decomposing the goal, we have formulated the following tasks, which are the stages of achieving the goal: cognitive-target structuring of the subject area; formalization of the subject area (development of classification and descriptive scales and gradations and formation of a training sample); synthesis, verification and increasing the reliability of the model of the control object; forecasting, decision-making and research of the control object by studying its model. The study uses the automated system-cognitive analysis and its software tools (the intelligent system called "Eidos") as a method for solving the set tasks. As a result of the work, we propose a developed decision-making algorithm, which is applicable in intelligent control systems. The main conclusion of the work is that the proposed approach has successfully solved the problem
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PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article gives a review of the results of studying the features of the formation of sugar corn grain yield depending on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers used for sowing and fertilizing. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodarsky Sakharny 280 SV (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v. / ha), factor B - root nitrogen fertilizing (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main mineral fertilizer was applied at a dose of N30P60K60, under the main tillage - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. Four-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the highest yield of ears of sugar corn in milk ripeness - 14.60 and 14.71 t / ha, respectively, was obtained on options with the addition of N30 when sowing + N15 or N30 in root dressing. A further increase in the dosage of nitrogen to 60 kg.d.v./ha does not lead to an increase in yield. The highest level of profitability was obtained with the option of sowing nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg.d.v / ha in combination with nitrogen for top dressing at a dose of 15 kg.d.v / ha (N30 + N15)
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe urgent task facing the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of storage methods for agricultural products and the development of new ones. One of the actively cultivated crops, characterized by a variety of species, valuable taste and medicinal properties – grape. It is possible to provide the population with fresh grapes of high quality through the introduction of effective storage technologies that reduce losses, preserve marketable properties and biological value. One of the effective ways to preserve the quality of grapes during storage is the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2). This gas inhibits oxidative enzymes in berries, thereby reducing the rate of development of the phytopathogen Botrýtis cinérea, which causes gray rot. At the same time, it is especially important to control the rate of release of sulfur dioxide, since at the beginning of storage it is necessary to ensure the receipt of a large amount of it, which will eliminate Botrytis spores present on the surface of the berries and stabilize the existing damage. Further, during the entire period of storage of grapes, sulfur dioxide must be supplied in minimal quantities. Such dynamics of SO2 emission can be ensured by the use of two-phase generators of sulfur dioxide. The article investigated the effects of sulfur dioxide generators on the quality of grapes during storage. The study also investigates quality indicators of grapes of several varieties zoned in the Krasnodar region under long-term storage