Kuban State Agrarian University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASES OF THE RICE VARIETY LIDER GROWING ON PESTICIDE-FREE TECHNOLOGY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAs a result of stepped hybridization and multiple replicated screening, the new rice variety Lider was received. The peculiarities of the new variety is a quick growth of plants at a sprouting – tillering stage. It gives the possibility to obtain sprouts from water lower than 20-25 cm which kills for Echinochloa. Lider is grown in Russia without application of pesticides.
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Description
The results of scientific investigations in specifying environmental and faunal composition of soil invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone of the Krasnodar region are presented this article. Observed territory is represented with four main classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea (cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta (worms with small bristles). Those animals were the subject of further descriptions of territory. Some peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic compound of mesofauna, depending on technological methods that are being used for cultivation of agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC “Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are considered. The observed area is mostly populated with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha (drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use of complex compost (as an alternate method of cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary chernozem. The introduction of complex compost optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape system, which is associated with activation of biophilic elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical properties creates enabling environment for the vital activity of invertebrates and for their trophic cooperation with the habitats
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Description
The results of long-term investigations of ecologicalphytocenotic peculiarities of short-root orchids under the conditions of the North-West Caucasus have been summarized. Together with the similarity in structure of this orchids’ living form, the author analyzes some differences in their assimilation of various places of growing
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Description
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops, which are of great economic importance in Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop in terms of climatic conditions range, for that reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the Russian Federation in various weather conditions. Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste qualities, it is used numerously in food and is applied in various fields of food industry. The biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of great nutritional value to humans, are contained in the oil. According to its calorific capacity, sunflower oil is on the first place among vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most favorable region of the Russian Federation for obtaining high and stable yields of this crop. However, here the drought is observed during the summer period and it affects adversely the productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed study of physiological features of productivity formation and seeds quality that is highly important task in view of the current geopolitical situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue is the appliance of the growth regulators, possessing anti-stress activity that improve the quality of sowing seeds and increase the productivity and plant resistance to stressful environmental factors. These drugs include growth regulator called Furolan, which was created in KubGTU and is certified for use in Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes, there is no its residual quantities in the products and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on physiological and biochemical processes, improves the productivity of plants, their resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as to the risk of fungal diseases
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL LIVESTOCK
DescriptionOne of the main criteria of efficiency technologies in livestock production is the level of the negative impact on the environment per unit of time, or volume of production. Intensification and specialization can significantly improve efficiency, but at the same time can increases the impact on agro-ecosystem. An important condition for the preservation of ecosystems is to find ways of using animal waste as a raw resource. The ecological balance can ensure the production of meat and dairy products for industrial technology in family farms of 50-200 cows and up to 10 thousand pigs. Economically advantageous to carry out the raw manure to a distance of no more than 10-15 km, which is achieved with a small population, when fully formed wastes are used to improve soil fertility. For large mega-complexes advisable to equip their facilities for the production of biogas and the use of covered manure storage. In its turn, to prevent infection of livestock production, bentonite clay should be used as sorbents. This technology content of the stomach-governmental and poultry should be humane with respect to them, environmentally safe for the ecosystem, cost-effective and competitiveness for producers, safe for consumer
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Description
There was shown the necessity of achievement of criterion of food safety of the RF. There were formulated the main aims and tasks of state agrarian policy of Russia. There were appeared the main tasks of the Doctrine of food safety. There was given the characteristic of qualitative condition of Krasnodar region lands – liability of erosion processes, decrease of humus content. There was proven the first-priority necessity of transition from zonal system of land management to adaptive-landscape one. The theory of adaptive-landscape was determined as a basis of innovation technology of agricultural commodity production growth. There was formulated the problem of development of methodology of ecologicaleconomic justification of the transition of the agricultural sector of the region to the adaptivelandscape system of agriculture. Using GIStechnologies there were used the areas due to types of lands and degrees of erosion processes in limits of three natural landscapes. There were cited the naturalclimatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of natural landscapes I, II, III. There were offered the ecological coefficients additionally characterizing the types and degree of erosion processes. There was calculated the ratio of lands – arable lands: forest: meadow in limits of natural landscapes. There was done the ecological –economic assessment of arable land crop rotation recommended by the “System of land management of Krasnodar region” in 2015. Recommended for natural landscapes field crop rotations per 1 ha of arable land provide the annual value of gross output of 32.3 - 37.0 thousand rubles, net income - 11.5-12.9 thousand rubles, the levels of profitability - 52.4-55.4 per cent. The proposed crop rotations provide a positive balance of humus. Further studies are needed to clarify the methodology of design of adaptivelandscape farming systems, the development of fodder and special types of crop rotations, agrocomplexes design of erosion control measures, differentiated by natural landscapes and agricultural landscapes, considering the type and intensity of erosion processes are required
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Description
The article presents the results of the comprehensive analysis of the main parameters of the health status of the population of Dagestan as the initial stage of the regional medical and ecological monitoring
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ECONOMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION OF THE MODERN GRAIN MARKET
DescriptionIt is noted that the grain commodity market is the basis of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Earlier the state support was about $4 billion, in 2016 it is expected to reach 237 billion rubles (less than $3 billion). Russia's accession to the WTO brought its farmers more minuses than pluses, less regulation opportunities, protection of the market. The urgency of improving the development methodology, development of practical recommendations for the decision of efficiency enhancing of the grain market, increased due to the globalization of socio-economic processes in the world. Over the last 5 years in the Krasnodar region state support of agro-industrial complex amounted to 32 billion rubles ($0.4 billion), or 1 664 rub/ha ($20/ha) in 2014. Today, once again the growth of prices for supply of industrial resources has overcome the growth of prices for production of agriculture products that seriously has limited the development of the agro industry. The authors consider that the success of the grain industry depends on combination of the following factors: 1) modern equipment and technology; 2) qualified professionals; 3) state financial support; 4) reasonable credit resources. Now nobody needs production at any cost, it necessary to lower the cost of grain, to get the maximum profit and invest it in modernization of the enterprise. To increase productivity, to produce more at a less cost. For producers of grain it's time to invest in the development of their own livestock, or they will be late for this growing market. This vector of development will improve the stability of the grain business and the accompanying livestock, will reduce the seasonal dependence of financial flows, reduce unit costs, increase profitability, competitiveness, expand business, create new jobs, increase the number of its buyers
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ECONOMICS OF OPERATION AND STATE REGULATION DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL AGRICULTURE
DescriptionThe article considers current economic situation in the economy of the Krasnodar region, the importance of import substitution in the future functioning and regulation of regional development of agro-industrial complex. The positive impact on the agricultural economy, double sided grocery sanctions, the leadership of the rural economy of the region with annual growth of GDP of 9.2% (in Russia – 4,5%) is pointed. The article shows that the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the industry was provided with additional targeted investment to increase profitability of crop production to 44%. The advantages of big business that produces mostly grains are pointed out, because this factor will continue to determine the vector of development of agriculture. A big positive point of the livestock industry is the growth of profitability of milk production to 37%. At the same time, cattle breeding with the margin of 19.7% is still highly problematic on observance of technological discipline. Production of cattle meat remains unprofitable. A significant segment of production in farming is still taken by small farms. In 2014 the government regulated their development supporting them with money in the amount of more than 700 million RUB . The author believes to keep further growth of the livestock on it is necessary to stabilize the number of livestock, especially dairy cattle, to restore the production of pork, to continue the construction and reconstruction of farms and complexes, to provide animals with high quality food. The author also stresses the importance of development of business of rice growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing, the importance of updating and development of material and technical base. The work provides the data that at the expense of state regulation (support) profitability of agriculture in the region has grown by an additional 7%, so it creates new opportunities for growth of the agricultural economy of our region
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Description
In this article the results of research of technologically full chain on grain manufacture, its processing and realization of bread products are resulted. The mathematical models, describing processes of transformation in blocks of technological chain are received, and models for an estimation of its economic efficiency are developed